How Do You Know When You Need Rest?

Good question. Personally, I err on the side of caution. If I’m tired when I wake up in the morning or I feel like I was run over by a truck…..well, that’s a good indication to take a day off. Many runners and triathletes burn the candle from both ends. The old saying is that it is better to be 15% undertrained than 1% over trained. This is my motto that allows me to take a day off here and there when the fatigue of the mega miles is kicking in. I find that I race way faster when not fatigued! Really!! (Sarcasm)

So, do you get adequate rest? How can you gauge your fatigue if you are a sadomasochist training for an Ironman or marathon? The June issue of Runner’s World has a great article on gauging rest. I had to laugh, because you can actually pay someone to tell you to take a day off! Simple solution: Pay me!! Just kidding, let’s look a little closer at guidelines for rest days.

On a serious note, there is a service called Restwise, which looks at simple biological markers input by the athlete first thing each morning, calculates a daily recovery score from 1 to 100, then trends it over time. (Rest-wise subscriptions start at $119 for six months; go to restwise.com.) You certainly can pay them, or you can look at 10 biological markers and rate yourself.

1. BODY MASS: You lost weight from yesterday
A two percent drop in weight from one day to the next indicates a body-fluid fluctuation. Most likely, you didn't hydrate enough during or after your last workout. Dehydration negatively impacts both physical and mental performance, and could compromise the quality of your next workout.

2. RESTING HEART RATE: Your resting heart rate is elevated
Take your pulse each morning before you get out of bed to find what's normal for you. An elevated resting heart rate is one sign of stress. It means your nervous system prepared for fight or flight by releasing hormones that sped up your heart to move more oxygen to the muscles and brain. Your body won't know the difference between physical and psychological stress. A hard run and a hard day at work both require extra recovery.

3. SLEEP: You didn't sleep well or enough
A pattern of consistently good sleep will give you a boost of growth hormones, which are great for rebuilding muscle fibers. Several nights in a row of bad sleep will decrease reaction time along with immune, motor, and cognitive functions—not a good combination for a workout.

4. HYDRATION: Your pee is dark yellow
This can be an indicator of dehydration, barring the consumption of vitamins, supplements, or certain foods the evening before. The darker the color, the more you're struggling to retain fluids, because there's not enough to go around. You need H2O to operate (and recover).

5. ENERGY LEVEL: You're run down
If your energy level is low, there's something amiss. The key is honesty. Athletes can block out signs of fatigue to push through it, thinking it will make them stronger. It won't always work that way.

6. MOOD STATE: You're cranky
When your body is overwhelmed by training (or other stressors), it produces hormones like cortisol that can cause irritability or anxiety. Stress also halts chemicals like dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that has a big bummer effect on mood when depleted. Crankiness probably means not enough recovery.

7. WELLNESS: You're sick
Any illness, or even a woman's menstrual cycle, will increase your need for energy to refuel your immune system, which is having to work overtime. This means fewer resources available for recovering from training.

8. PAIN: You're sore or nursing an injury
Whether you're sore from overworked muscles or an injury, your body needs more energy to put toward repair, lengthening total recovery time.

9. PERFORMANCE: Your workout went poorly
This is a subjective measure of workout quality, not quantity nor intensity. If you felt great on yesterday's run, you'd evaluate that as good. If you felt sluggish on that same run, you'd count it as poor. Trending workout quality—multiple poors in a row—is one of the easiest ways to identify the need for more recovery.

10. OXYGEN SATURATION: Your oxygen level has dipped
The amount of oxygen in the hemoglobin of the red blood cells can be measured by placing your fingertip in a portable pulse oximeter, a gadget available online for about $40. The higher the percentage, the better: Above 95 percent is the norm at sea level or for an athlete who is fully acclimated to a given altitude. This is a new area in recovery science, requiring more research, but there may be a link between low oxygen saturation and the need for more recovery.

Count Your Red Flags

The restwise algorithm assigns more weight to some markers (e.g., performance) than others (e.g., mood), along with other factors to generate a precise recovery score. But you can get a sense for your ballpark recovery quality by tallying the red flags (left) you average per day in a week.

0-1 GREEN LIGHT
You are clear to train hard.

2-4 CAUTION
You can go ahead with a hard workout if your training plan calls for it, but cut it short if it feels too hard. Better yet, take an easy day, or a day off.

5-6 WARNING
You're entering the danger zone, which could be intentional according to your periodization or peaking protocol. If not, back off.

7-10 DANGER
You require mandatory time off, ranging from a day to a week, depending on the severity of your fatigue and what you've seen over the previous few days and weeks. You may need to visit your doctor.

FEEL Better: Too much rest has its own problems: Your performance stalls. On your recovery days, do something active; go for a leisurely bike ride or swim (I take my 11 year old out on her bike), walk, or do yoga.

Keep in mind that muscles need 48 hours to recover from a hard workout. Always follow a hard day with an easy one. Watch your red flags and rest accordingly. Your times will show improvement!

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Runners: Pain in the Knee!

Knee Pain Slowing Your Run to a Crawl? You may have patellofemoral syndrome.

What is patellofemoral pain?

Patellofemoral pain a.k.a. chondramalacia patella is the most common running-related knee problem. If you have this condition, you feel pain under and around your kneecap and often swelling of the area under the knee cap may occur. The pain can get worse when you are running or when you sit for a long time. Pain can also be associated with a “crunching” sensation when the knee is put through range of motion. You can have pain in only one knee, or you can have pain in both knees. It usually starts as a minor knee pain after running that progresses to pain when you get up in the morning, pain during or after exercise then pain all the time. Prompt intervention can decrease the period of disability form this injury.

The exact cause of patellofemoral pain is hard to define. It has been described as having something to do with the way your kneecap (called the "patella") moves on the groove of your thigh bone (called the "femur"). Contributing factors include overuse and overload of the knee joint (too much, too soon, too fast syndrome), biomechanical problems and muscular imbalance or weakness. Often it is associated with an extremely flexible foot type and over-pronation (rolling in of your foot). It is more common in women than men and this is due to the “Q angle” of woman’s hips putting more stress on the knee. Weakness of the vastus medialis or the inner thigh muscle has also been implicated as a cause.

What can I do to help my knee mend and relieve the pain ?

Take a break from running and any other activities that can cause a lot of pounding on your legs. Practice relative rest activities like swimming, biking, or the elliptical trainer which supports your body weight and puts less stress on your knees. As your knees feel better, you can slowly go back to running. It is important to do this slowly, and increase the amount of time you run by only about 10-20% a week.

Physical therapy is the mainstay of treatment. It is imperative to work on the muscle imbalances that led to injury as well as stretching your hamstrings and strengthening your quadriceps. Strengthening is very important because your quad muscles control the movement of your kneecap and this is the most recognized cause of this syndrome.

Talk to your podiatrist about your running shoes and orthotics; it would help to bring your shoes in for the doctor to see, proper running shoes can really help knee pain. Orthotics are often needed to decrease excessive foot motion that causes stress on the knee. Even just a simple arch support insert can be helpful. Although custom orthotics are considerably more expensive than off-the-shelf devices, they last much longer and provide more support or correction. For hard core runners, the durability is important. Many people wear out a store purchased device in just a few months when a custom device can last for 2 to 3 years. In some cases, however, an over-the-counter device can be just as effective, particularly when combined with a stretching and exercise program.

Ice your knees for 10 to 20 minutes after activities, this can ease the pain and speed up healing. To keep your hands free, use an elastic wrap to hold the ice pack in place. An anti-inflammatory medicine like ibuprofen may also help, however this should not be used to “get through” your workouts.

Will I ever be able to run again?

Be patient! Keep exercising to get better. Patellofemoral pain can be hard to treat, and your knees won't get better overnight, some people are lucky and get better quickly but it might take six weeks or even longer for your knee to get better. Very few people need surgery to relieve their knee caps instability. Remember, you'll be less likely to get this pain again if you continue to strengthen and avoid “too much, too soon, too fast syndrome!”. Even though the cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome remain uncertain, the good news is that most patients do well with conservative treatment, particularly if they maintain a disciplined approach.

My new favorite sign!

Safety Tips for Running in the Summer Heat

Hot running is here again this summer. A little too soon for me! It’s 80 degrees at 6:30am, 100 degrees by 1pm; and let’s face it: it’s really hard to get motivated to run!

Goals are important during the summer training months. When you look at your calendar and see the races you have penciled in, getting out of bed is a lot easier. Pick a race in the fall and enter! I have already entered the Ironman 70.3 Pocono Mountains in October and the White Rock Marathon in December. The power of the race calendar gets me motivated to get the workouts done on these hot, hot days.

I also encourage everyone to try to get their workouts in either early in the morning or inside at the gym in the afternoon. Ozone is so high during the afternoon hours and poor air quality warnings abound this time of year. No reason to stress your upper respiratory system; do it early or do it inside!

Just a few tips to keep yourself safe this summer while running in the heat:

1. Hydrate. Sounds obvious, but I don’t mean only when you are running. I keep a water bottle next to my computer and try to drink on and off all day. The heat outside mixed with the air conditioning inside is a recipe for dehydration even before you start running. While you are training, make sure you carry a water bottle. Don’t rely on there being water on a course or water fountains on the trail being in working order. Drink 15 minutes before your run and at least every 15 minutes while running.

2. Dress for the heat. Naked is never a good idea, but I have thought about it. I’m sure the Grapevine police wouldn’t mind! Seriously, this is not the time for cotton t-shirts. Splurge on some moisture wicking shirts and shorts. There are even some new sun repellent, yet surprisingly cool, long sleeve shirts for the fair skinned ones among us who can use the extra SPF.

3. SPF is what it is all about. Sunscreen or you will burn in as little as 15 minutes of sun exposure. Bull Frog makes an SPF 100 water proof sunscreen that rocks! Wear it! No sense being in great shape but dying of skin cancer!

4. Salt Tablets. If you are going long, salt tablets are helpful to keep your systems going. I take at least two an hour when training in the heat, more if sweating like crazy. Hyponatremia (low sodium) can become a medical emergency!

5. Wear a heart rate monitor. You will be amazed in how much your heart rate goes up when it is hot. Stay in your zones, even if that means walking up hills! You want quality miles, not garbage miles!

6. Use common sense. Get heat acclimatized by running short distances in the heat and building up slowly. Don’t go out the hottest day of the year so far and do a track workout at 3pm in the afternoon! If you are pushing the envelope, be aware of the sign of heat exhaustion. If you are feeling light headed, have goose bumps or your heart is racing; time to find a tree or a neighbor’s house. Heat stroke kills too!

Get motivated and get out there, but run safely in the heat so we can all enjoy the fall race season!

National Running Day! Let's Celebrate!

Today, June 1, 2011, is National Running Day! You may run alone, but on National Running Day, we celebrate together! On this day, runners everywhere share their passion for a lifestyle that is one of the best, and simplest, ways to stay fit—and so much more. You can head out solo to clear your mind, gab with your regular running peeps, or turn an unsuspecting friend into a running fiend. This day is for us!

Pass on the passion! Today is a great day to inspire a friend to start running! Tell us why you run!